Uzbekistan has a rich history, leaving the roots in depth of millennium. As archeologists testify, - one of the most ancient human habitat which age has stepped over 1 million years. Only for last half-centuries scientists have found out here some human dwelling sites of the Stone Age. From them the most ancient Kulbulak and Obi Rahmon in Tashkent area, and also Teshiktash and Amankutan are especially known.

On the basis of public-trinity factors as geographical, economic, and public - in the middling Mesopotamia took place the formation of the ancient states - Sogdiana, Bactria, Khoresm and others.

In VI^th century AD the middling Mesopotamia has been included into the Turkic Kaganate, united the various tribes of Altai, Semirechye and Central Asia.

The periods of economic - cultural rise were replaced by epoch of deep decline by reason of numerous invasions from the different parties. However, the development is steadily preceded. And in many respects of this was promoted the Silk Road which has connected two territories of the world - Rome and China. As the historical chronicles testify, the lining idea of this unique transcontinental road belongs to the Chinese emperor. It was developed, when the Chinese messenger has returned after the distant wanderings on the "western" countries in 125 year up to AD and told, that behind the Great Chinese wall, behind the seemed boundless steppes and deserts there are powerful states, such as Khoresm, Sogdiana and others, with advanced original culture.

It is necessary to note, that the scientists carry up the education process of nationalities in the territory of present Uzbekistan to the beginning of the first millennium up to AD. It was long. However, the term "Uzbek" is included into use - on joint XV-XVI of centuries - time of board Shejbani-khan.

The one of the main strongholds of statehood in this region became Amir Temur. In the second half of XIV^th centuries, he has take advantage of disintegration of successor’s possession of Chingizkhan in Central Asia; he has united them and has created the powerful state with the capital in Samarkand.

Creation of the centralized state in the middling Mesopotamia, named the Movarounnakhr, elimination of dissociation was created with favorable conditions for development of the economy undermined by domination of Mongols. Due to Amir Temur's political energy institutes of the state, social and military management have considerably been advanced.

The rise of a science, architecture, town-planning, the literature, graphic and applied arts development in Temur’s and its successor’s board period present a unique phenomenon of the world scale. By the way, the state borders, which glorified his grandson Ulugbek, almost completely coincide with borders of modern Uzbekistan. Ulugbek the organizer and the patron of a science and arts have come into the world history not only as the politician, but also as the outstanding scientist. He has created an astronomical observatory not having in those days’ analogues.

In all countries, all continents names of the great statesmen, scientists, thinkers and poets living and creating here today are known, whose achievements were included in a treasury of the world civilization. Among them – Abu Ali Ibn Sino (Avicenna) which level with Hypocrite is considered the ancestor of modern medicine, Al-Khorezmi, from whose name the algebra and algorithm, astronomer Ulugbek due to whom the astronomy from the category of priestly sacraments has turned to the science have received the name. This list of names decorates Bahouddin Nakshband, Al-Bukhari, At-Termizi, encyclopedic Abu Rayhan Beruni, the poet Alisher Navoi, and many others.

Till the present time amaze the travelers with the greatness the surprising palaces created in epoch Temurids, the mausoleums, mosques, minarets. A treasury of the history is called Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, and Shakhrisabz which are included into the UNESCO to the List of the world heritage.

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